teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wasteful; a waste; too good; more than one deserves; impious; profane
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
common; shared; to be common (to); to be shared (by); -wide
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
for example; for instance; e.g.
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
at that time; in those days
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name