to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to apologize; to apologise
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pluck; to pick; to tear
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
to dust; to remove dust; to slap; to hit (with the palm); to use up money
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to assume the air of ...; to behave like ...; to put on airs; to be self-important
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
food; foodstuff; prey; victim
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
everybody; every last one of them; all
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
abuse; ill-treatment; maltreatment; mistreatment; cruelty
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation