teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; masculine gender
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hot water; hot bath; hot spring; molten iron
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; like that; that sort of; very
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
piece; fragment; one (object)
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
riding; ride; spread (of paints); -seater (e.g. two-seater); (getting into the) mood; (entering into the) spirit
last night; yesterday evening
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
study; diligence; discount; reduction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Kōhei era (1058.8.29-1065.8.2)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
real; realistic; serious; non-joking; realtime blog; real world (cf. online games or social networking services)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up