before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia); new world
maiko; apprentice geisha; dancing girl
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish