today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
living thing; organism; creature; biology
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to pass (of time); to elapse
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to lose an easy game; to suffer an unexpected defeat; to lose information
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ancestor; forefather; foremother
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
ten thousand years; eternity; perennial; perpetual