indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ceremony held at the end of a school term; end-of-term ceremony
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
start of work; commencement; opening
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
feng (male Chinese firebird)
senior high school; high school
all present; all concerned; all of us
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
to be careful; to be discreet; to do in moderation; to refrain (from overdoing); to be reverent; to be purified
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to mourn over the death of
before the spirit of the deceased
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
parting (farewell) address
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
like this; this sort; this way
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement