why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
many times over; often; repeatedly; time after time
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
first warbling heard in a New Year
to be found; to be discovered
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the real criminal; true culprit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
listening device; bug; wiretap
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
with a bang; with a crash; with a bump; suddenly (fall); sharply
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch