this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
man; male; masculine gender
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
wherein; therein; thereinto
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
world; society; people; the public
to enliven; to liven up; to cause a stir in (e.g. the newspapers); to make prosperous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
use; utilization; utilisation; application
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
every month; each month; monthly
privilege; special favor; special favour; benefit; prerogative; perk
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
general idea; concept; notion
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to