sudden brake; coming to a sudden stop
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
police officer; policeman; constable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
concussion (of the brain)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
revenue office; taxation bureau
than; from; out of; except; but; more
preventing (someone) from leaving; confinement; keeping indoors; being stranded; grounding
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
willingly; voluntarily; on one's own accord
how; in what way; how about
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?