indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
porcelain bowl; donburi; bowl of meat, fish, etc. served over rice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in that way; thus; so; so?
to the last; persistency; thoroughness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
Fukuoka (city, prefecture)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
calmness; composure; coolness; serenity; presence of mind
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
to recollect; to remember; to reminisce; to imagine; to guess; to infer
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
meaning; significance; sense
(committee) chairman; president
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!