winding; meandering; sinuous; zigzag
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scene of an accident; crash site; accident scene
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to offer something to a deity or somebody's spirit; to pay a tribute to a person who is about to depart
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
older sister; elder sister
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
detective bureau; detective agency; investigation firm
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
Wuhuan (proto-Mongolic nomadic people)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
don't you think?; indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...