wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
doing together (as equals); sharing; common (land, etc.); joint (statement, etc.); cooperation; co-operation
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to collect; to assemble; to gather
treatment; service; handling; management
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
serious; important; significant; grave; weighty
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to surround; to encircle; to enclose
environment; circumstance
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
all companies; each company
in succession; one by one
next generation; future generation
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
(for) household use; home use; domestic use