indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
future (usually near); prospects
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
fifth month of the lunar calendar; satsuki azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...