once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fly about; to skip about; to bustle about
tradition; legend; folklore
hostess (in a hostess bar)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
all; entire; whole; altogether
settlement; solution; resolution
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
greed; craving; desire; appetite; hunger; avarice
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!