until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
world view; outlook on the world; Weltanschauung (philosophy); appearance of a world (e.g. in fiction)
suffix for familiar person
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reality; actuality; hard fact
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
distinction; differentiation; classification
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
loud shout; excited cheering
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
permanent; everlasting; lasting; very long; many years of
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
opening and shutting; opening and closing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading