the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
infectious disease; infection
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
infection; contagion; becoming infected
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
mechanism; organization; organisation
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
by means of; due to; because of; according to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
research project (e.g. at school); independent research
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
by myself; in person; by oneself
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof