adds force or indicates command
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
mum; mom; mummy; the missus
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
garbage day; rubbish collection day
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
according to; reads; reading; is written; says; states
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
falling behind (with a payment); being in arrears; non-payment; default; delinquency
strict prohibition; ban; interdiction
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
frightening; scary; (arch.) extreme; (arch.) exaggerated; (arch.) huge
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
extra; more; unnecessary; needless; all the more; even more
to blow into; to breathe into; to inspire; to indoctrinate; to record (music, video, etc.)
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to become like a different person; to have a change in personality
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail); claw; plectrum; pick; hook; clasp
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o