kindergarten pupil; kindergartener
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
honorific/polite/humble prefix
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
suffix for familiar person
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
hand-rolled sushi (usu. cone-shaped)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
so; like this; in this way
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
only; merely; but; no more than
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas