indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
woman; female; feminine gender
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it
offender; criminal; culprit
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
restlessly; aimlessly; to loiter; to drift; to be restless; to fuss
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
creepy (feeling); uneasy (feeling); bad (feeling); giving one the creeps; hideous; scaring
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from the beginning; without hesitation; flatly (e.g. refusing); entirely; completely
entirely; completely; cleanly; snugly
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?