medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
change; modification; alteration; revision; amendment
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
remainder of one's life; one's remaining days; time left (to live)
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to have medicine be effective
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(printed) instructions; manual; explanatory leaflet (pamphlet, note); description
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point