cane; walking stick; staff; wand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see (a doctor, etc.); to consult (someone)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; how about
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
research project (e.g. at school); independent research
workmanship; craftsmanship; grades; results; quality (e.g. of a crop); dealings
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
suffix for familiar person
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
is that so? (generally rhetorical)