Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flood plain; river terrace; riverside area; area between river and river bank
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
discovery; detection; finding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
address (e.g. of house); residence; domicile
uncertainty; insecurity; inconstancy; indefinite; undecided
without an occupation; unemployed; jobless
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
in that way; thus; so; so?
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
feeling startled; getting a shock; prank; practical joke
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; first name
camouflage; disguise; pretense; feigning; masquerade