indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
ladybug (Harmonia axyridis); ladybird
research team; investigative team; survey team; reconnaissance team; investigative commission; fact-finding party
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
sailing; marching; going out; dispatch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
angle of view (photography)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
place; situation; position; location
specific; particular; designated; specifying; designating; identifying
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
motorcycle; motorbike; bicycle
skid mark; tire mark; tyre mark
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
offender; criminal; culprit
hiding place; hideout; refuge; retreat; hideaway
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not