indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by means of; due to; because of; according to
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(one's) exclusive use; private use; dedicated use; use for a particular purpose; exclusive use (of particular products); using only (e.g. a certain brand)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
administrator; janitor; manager; custodian; executor
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
sharing; share (on social media); market share
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; by what means
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
number one; first; best; most; game; round
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")