keeper of imperial archives; worker skilled in the brewing of sake or soy sauce
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
steady; sound; solid; reliable; trustworthy
student preparing for or taking examinations (usu. entrance exams); test-taker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
to attempt; to test; to try out
unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible