indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
leaving out; omitting; skipping; (beating) in succession; in a row
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sorry; excuse me; thank you
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
the front; honesty; uprightness; decency; normality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
police officer; policeman; constable
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
woman; female; feminine gender
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
aim; object; expectations; prospects; something that can be relied upon; snack served with alcoholic drink; pad
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
headquarters; head office; main office