while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
enemy of the emperor; rebel against the imperial government
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
war; fighting; fierce competition
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
devastating; catastrophic; crushing
blow; shock; strike; batting
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
sprout; shoot; bud; germinal disk (in an egg)
to pick; to pluck; to snip; to cut; to nip
defeat; lost battle; losing a war
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
foundation; base; basis; from the beginning; from the outset; by nature
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to shake; to jolt; to shake (e.g. the political world); to disturb; to put off a batter (by varying one's type of pitch)
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
again; once more; a second time
conquest; subjugation; overcoming; chastisement; punishment; punitive expedition
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
action; behavior; behaviour; (arch.) recommendation (of a person for a position)
knack; skill; bone; skeleton; cremated remains (esp. the bones); ashes
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
civil war; insurrection; rebellion; domestic conflict
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
barren; sterile; infertile; unproductive (e.g. discussion); fruitless