and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
(navigable) canal; waterway
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
cooperation; collaboration
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
difficult to understand; unintelligible; abstruse
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to say; to tell; to state; to do
so to speak; so to call it; as it were
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
suitable; appropriate; becoming; fitting
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the West; the Occident; Western countries
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)