this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
Itagaki Taisuke (1837-1919)
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom (Meiji era); Freedom and People's Rights Movement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spread; span; expanse; extent
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
government; administration
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
prefectures (of Japan, excl. Tokyo and Hokkaido)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
cancellation; liquidation; resolution; reduction (e.g. of stress)
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
ignorance; innocence; stupidity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
people; citizens; subjects; folk
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
staged event; faked situation; prearranged performance
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); legislative assembly; parliament
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic