painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
error; mistake; fault; sin; wrongdoing; offense
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
military forces; hosts; troops
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
various fiefdoms; various domains
to be awash with; to teem with; to be full of
maid; female servant; hostess (in a ryokan); waitress (in a traditional restaurant); (arch.) court lady
sharing a room; dormitory room; match between wrestlers from the same stable
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
autumn moon; harvest moon
prosperity; flourishing; thriving
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
sleepover; overnight stay
feudal retainer or warrior
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
one more time; once more; once again
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to hit (a person); to strike; to beat; to deliver (a speech); to give (an address)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to strain or exert oneself; to go all out
regrettable; unsatisfactory; deplorable; lamentable
Keichō era (1596.10.27-1615.7.13)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know