indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
erasure; striking off; crossing out; cancellation; deletion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
please (give me); please (do for me)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...