indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
relay; hook-up; relay broadcasting
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
don't you think?; indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
really; truly; indeed; good grief
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
unconfirmed; unidentified
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence