previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
genuine article; real thing; real deal
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
healthy; robust; strong; solid; durable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
dyeing; dyed goods; goods to be dyed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
all; entire; whole; altogether
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker