indecisive; irresolute; shilly-shally; vacillating
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to meet (the enemy) and attack; to engage (the approaching enemy); to confront; to intercept
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to bite into; to sink one's teeth into
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (middle ages); acting administrator
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
riding ground; racecourse; racetrack
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
bright red; deep red; flushed (of face); downright (e.g. lie); complete; utter
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
small; fine; minute; minor; trivial; sensitive
great erudition; extensive knowledge; vast stock of knowledge
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!