female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for example; for instance; e.g.
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
gentlemen; men; the men's (sign on toilet, bathroom, etc. doors)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
way of eating; how to eat
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to meet (the enemy) and attack; to engage (the approaching enemy); to confront; to intercept
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see