indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
professor; teaching; instruction
selection; choice; choosing; picking; election
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
stillness; quiet; peacefulness
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Japanese laurel; spotted laurel; Aucuba japonica; live tree
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
village; hamlet; countryside; country
by nature; by birth; naturally; natural; innate
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
sticking (in one place, position, etc.); settling; becoming established (of a custom, system, etc.); taking hold; fixation (photography); fixing
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...