indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sister (sibling); (Catholic) sister; sister (female partner in a homosexual relationship)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
fourth day of the month; four days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
possibly; by some possibility; perhaps
reality; actuality; hard fact
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)