that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
retired emperor; ex-emperor; former emperor; emperor emeritus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
two persons; two people; pair; couple
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
to attack; to assault; to assail
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to cut (grass, hair, etc.); to mow; to clip; to trim; to prune; to shear
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to run counter to; to go against; to disobey; to infringe
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
relatives; one's family; friends; members of the same organization; followers; henchmen
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)