indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
race game (board game where the object is to reach the goal first); trad. Japanese board games played with dice, esp. ban-sugoroku
dice; die; baton (of command)
warrior monks from Enryaku temple at Mt. Hiei in Kyoto
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to have an eye on; to zero in on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to have a relationship; to have relations
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
sincere; earnest; serious
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
(acting) together; jointly; cooperatively; in partnership; side by side; (lit.) holding hands
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
any more; any further; any better; any longer
Heike family; Taira family; The Tale of the Heike; chanting of the Heike Monogatari