source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
north face; north side; the north; facing north
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
retired emperor; ex-emperor; former emperor; emperor emeritus
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to serve; to work for; to attend
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
watching (esp. during an emergency); being on alert; guard; watchmen
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good family; respectable family; decent family
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
being accomplished in both the literary and military arts; doing well in both school and sports
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
attractive face and figure
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
Chōshō era (1132.8.11-1135.4.27)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
villainous; rascally; knavish; (arch.) independent; (arch.) self-reliant
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip