lately; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
line of regents and advisers (advisors)
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
to rise (suddenly) in the world (to a higher position)
to pin down; to immobilize; to immobilise; to control; to suppress
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
thoroughness; completeness; consistency; thorough enforcement; seeing to it that a policy, etc. is carried out without exception
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Song dynasty (China, 960-1279); Sung dynasty; Liu Song dynasty (China, 420-479); Liu Sung dynasty; Song (ancient Chinese state, 11th century-286 BCE); Sung
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
trade; business; trading; turnover; sales; takings
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(large) parrot (incl. the cockatoo)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
to talk; to chat; to chatter
adds force or indicates command
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to like; to prefer; to be pleased by