indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
juvenile crime; juvenile delinquency
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
many; much; plenty; hardly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
atrocious; fiendish; brutal; villainous
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
television program; TV program
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
white stone; white (go pieces)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
story; tale; talk; discussion
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
it is I who should say so
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
one's family (home) background (environment)
bad influence; negative influence
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
don't you think?; indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to live; to get along; to spend (time)