minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
announcement of time; time signal; news report; newsletter
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
January; first month of the lunar calendar
seventeenth day of the month; seventeen days
Osaka-Kobe; Hanshin (company name: railway, dept. store, baseball team, etc.)
the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995 (the epicenter was located on Awaji island)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
postwar period; period after Second World War
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
near-field earthquake; local earthquake, esp. with a shallow focus directly under a populated area
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
earthquake disaster; Great Kanto Earthquake (1923)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Kinki region (Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Mie and Shiga prefectures)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen