wife; Mrs; proprietress; landlady; large women's size (clothing)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
such ... as; or some such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be helpful; to be useful
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth); to refine (e.g. a skill); to improve; to cultivate
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
one's fate (fortune) as concerns love
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
man; male; masculine gender
to meet fortuitously (e.g. running into an old friend); to meet by chance; to happen across