cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
common carp (Cyprinus carpio); koi carp
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
hollow; cavity; sunken place; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) female genitalia
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
student teacher; trainee teacher
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for the first time in one's life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
after school (at the end of the day)
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fall; drop; descent; coming down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to glare at; to scowl at; to stare intensely at; to examine carefully; to estimate; to guess
emergency staircase; emergency stairs
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
dance hall; dance floor; landing (stairs); leveling off (e.g. in the economy); period of stagnation
life; living; I; me; student
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building