indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
older sister; elder sister
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
man; male; masculine gender
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to shake; to sway; to waver
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to love greatly; to love beyond all else
this world; this life; world of the living
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in comparison to; rather than
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
family; members of a family
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters