indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
first class; first rank; one degree; one level; most; best
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
winning ticket (in a lottery, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to turn the rudder of a ship; to change direction (of policy, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
person with whom one is having an illicit love affair
disappearance; running away; going missing; absconding
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry