indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
police officer; policeman; policewoman
centre; center; pivot; central nervous system
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to lead; to take the lead; to be in a top position
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
career; carrier (disease, signal, warship, etc.); carrier; telephone company; career government employee
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw oneself (into an activity)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
police; police officer; police station
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
such ... as; or some such
I see; that's right; indeed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
badness; evilness; bad; evil
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension