indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to pity; to feel sympathy for; to sympathize with; to sympathise with; to commiserate with; to have mercy on
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
ripple (on water); wavelets; ripple (e.g. of uneasiness); unrest; disturbance
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
since when; from when; how long
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
man; male; masculine gender
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
economic boom created by the Tokyo Olympic Games (1962-1964)
matter for great congratulation
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
bank; banking institution
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
branch office; branch store
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
offender; criminal; culprit