indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interview (e.g. for a job)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
book; volume; this; present; main; head
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
somehow; for some reason or other
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
trifling with; toying with; playing with; tossing about (a ship)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to punch; to hit and hit; to stamp out; to pierce; to bore into; to knock down walls
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
originally; by nature; from the start
to buy a replacement; to replace by buying something new
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't worry about it; forget about it
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
reimbursement; compensation; reparation; indemnity
honorific/polite/humble prefix
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
yakiniku; Japanese dish of grilled meat similar to Korean barbecue; roasted meat; grill